Ethical hacking

"Ethical hacking peels back the curtain — not to break, but to reveal where systems fail so defenders can mend them"

Ethical hacking is the lawful, permissioned practice of probing systems, networks, applications, and people to find vulnerabilities before malicious actors do. It's both a mindset and a set of skills: reconnaissance, thinking like an attacker, responsibly exploiting weaknesses in controlled environments, and — critically — reporting and remediating what you find.
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  1. 6 Topics

    1. Introduction to Ethical Hacking

    1. 1.1 Information security
    2. 1.2 What is Ethical Hacking?
    3. 1.3 Types of Hackers
    4. 1.4 Goals and Scope of a Penetration Test
    5. 1.5 Legal and Ethical Considerations
    6. 1.6 Ethical Hacking Lifecycle
  2. 6 Topics

    2. Foundational Knowledge for Hackers

    1. 2.1 Security Fundamentals (CIA Triad, Risks, Threats)
    2. 2.2 System Administration Basics (Windows & Linux)
    3. 2.3 Command-line Essentials (Bash, PowerShell)
    4. 2.4 Networking Fundamentals
    5. 2.5 Common Protocols and Ports
    6. 2.6 Cryptography Basics
  3. 5 Topics

    3. Setting up Safe Lab Environments

    1. 3.1 Virtualization Platforms
    2. 3.2 OS Images and Vulnerable Labs
    3. 3.3 Network Topologies and Isolation
    4. 3.4 Snapshots and Safe Testing Practices
    5. 3.5 Tool Installation and Configuration
  4. 5 Topics

    4. Information Gathering (Reconnaissance)

    1. 4.1 Passive Reconnaissance
    2. 4.2 OSINT Sources and Tools
    3. 4.3 Active Reconnaissance
    4. 4.4 Port Scanning and Host Discovery
    5. 4.5 Web Reconnaissance and Technology Profiling
  5. 6 Topics

    5. Scanning and Enumeration

    1. 5.1 Scanning Goals and Techniques
    2. 5.2 Host Discovery Methods
    3. 5.3 Port Scanning Types
    4. 5.4 Service and Version Detection
    5. 5.5 OS Fingerprinting
    6. 5.6 Service Enumeration (SMB, SNMP, LDAP, FTP, SMTP)
  6. 5 Topics

    6. Vulnerability Analysis & Prioritization

    1. 6.1 Understanding Vulnerabilities and CVEs
    2. 6.2 Scanning Tools (Nessus, OpenVAS, Nikto)
    3. 6.3 Manual Verification and False Positives
    4. 6.4 Risk Scoring and Prioritization (CVSS)
    5. 6.5 Reporting and Documentation
  7. 5 Topics

    7. Web Application Hacking Fundamentals

    1. 7.1 Web Architecture Basics
    2. 7.2 OWASP Top 10 Overview
    3. 7.3 Common Web Vulnerabilities
    4. 7.4 Authentication and Session Attacks
    5. 7.5 Tools and Manual Testing Techniques
  8. 5 Topics

    8. System Hacking & Exploitation Basics

    1. 8.1 Password Cracking Techniques
    2. 8.2 Exploitation Concepts
    3. 8.3 Privilege Escalation Fundamentals
    4. 8.4 Maintaining Access
    5. 8.5 Anti-Forensics Concepts
  9. 5 Topics

    9. Network Attacks & Wireless Hacking Fundamentals

    1. 9.1 Network Sniffing and Packet Analysis
    2. 9.2 Man-in-the-Middle Attacks
    3. 9.3 Exploiting Network Services
    4. 9.4 Wireless Security Basics
    5. 9.5 Wi-Fi Attacks and Tools
  10. 5 Topics

    10. Social Engineering Fundamentals

    1. 10.1 Psychology of Manipulation
    2. 10.2 Phishing, Vishing, and Smishing
    3. 10.3 Pretexting and Impersonation
    4. 10.4 Physical Social Engineering
    5. 10.5 Awareness and Countermeasures
  11. 5 Topics

    11. Malware Basics & Reverse Engineering Overview

    1. 11.1 Types of Malware
    2. 11.2 Static Analysis Basics
    3. 11.3 Dynamic Analysis Basics
    4. 11.4 Safe Malware Analysis Environments
    5. 11.5 Intro to Reverse Engineering
  12. 5 Topics

    12. Post-Exploitation & Lateral Movement

    1. 12.1 Objectives After Initial Access
    2. 12.2 Credential Harvesting
    3. 12.3 Lateral Movement Techniques
    4. 12.4 Data Exfiltration Concepts
    5. 12.5 Cleanup and Safe Lab Practice
  13. 5 Topics

    13. Reporting, Communication & Remediation

    1. 13.1 Structure of a Professional Pentest Report
    2. 13.2 Writing Reproducible Findings
    3. 13.3 Prioritization and Remediation Guidance
    4. 13.4 Coordinating with Blue Teams
    5. 13.5 Post-engagement Activities
  14. 5 Topics

    14. Defensive Awareness for Hackers (Blue Team Basics)

    1. 14.1 Basics of Detection (Logs, SIEM, IDS)
    2. 14.2 Endpoint Protection & EDR Fundamentals
    3. 14.3 Hardening Best Practices
    4. 14.4 Incident Response Basics
    5. 14.5 Threat Intelligence and IOCs
  15. 4 Topics

    15. Tools, Scripting & Automation

    1. 15.1 Essential Tools
    2. 15.2 Scripting for Pentesting (Python, Bash, PowerShell)
    3. 15.3 Building Custom Scanners and Fuzzers
    4. 15.4 Using APIs for Automation
  16. 4 Topics

    16. Methodology, Certifications & Career Paths

    1. 16.1 Penetration Testing Methodology
    2. 16.2 Common Certifications (CEH, OSCP, eJPT)
    3. 16.3 Ethical Hacking Career Roles
    4. 16.4 Responsible Disclosure and Bug Bounties
  17. 5 Topics

    17. Advanced Topics to Transition from Fundamentals

    1. 17.1 Exploit Development Basics
    2. 17.2 Advanced Reverse Engineering
    3. 17.3 Cloud & Container Pentesting
    4. 17.4 IoT and Embedded Device Security
    5. 17.5 Mobile App Security Basics
  18. 5 Topics

    18. Practical Exercises, Labs & Learning Path

    1. 18.1 Hands-on Labs (DVWA, Metasploitable, Juice Shop)
    2. 18.2 CTF Practice Categories
    3. 18.3 Practice Platforms (HTB, THM, PortSwigger)
    4. 18.4 Personal Learning Log & Writeups
    5. 18.5 Safe and Responsible Practice
  19. 3 Topics

    19. Additional Resources & Next Steps

    1. 19.1 Recommended Books, Blogs, and Podcasts
    2. 19.2 Community Practices and Open Source Tools
    3. 19.3 Roadmap to Specialization

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